Here, we use a comprehensive database of in situ temperature data from the top 100 meters of the water column that span the lake's seasonal range and lateral extent to demonstrate that long-term temperature trends in Lake Tanganyika depend strongly on depth, season, and latitude. Separate analyses of surface warming rates estimated from in situ instruments, satellites, and a paleolimnological temperature proxy (TEX86) disagree, leaving uncertainty about the thermal sensitivity of Lake Tanganyika to climate change.

Lake Tanganyika, the deepest and most voluminous lake in Africa, has warmed over the last century in response to climate change. Kraemer, Benjamin M Hook, Simon Huttula, Timo Kotilainen, Pekka O'Reilly, Catherine M Peltonen, Anu Plisnier, Pierre-Denis Sarvala, Jouko Tamatamah, Rashid Vadeboncoeur, Yvonne Wehrli, Bernhard McIntyre, Peter B PMID:21822482Ĭentury-Long Warming Trends in the Upper Water Column of Lake Tanganyika. Notes on measures of sexual selection intensity and the difficulties of defining mating systems and estimating selection intensities at species level conclude the essay. Here, I survey reports on mating and parenting behaviors of Lake Tanganyika cichlid species and address the evolution of mating and parental care patterns and sexual dimorphism.

Moreover, reproductive behaviors sometimes vary within species both in space and in time. Mating and Parental Care in Lake Tanganyika's CichlidsĬichlid fishes of Lake Tanganyika display a variety of mating and parental care behaviors, including polygamous and monogamous mouthbrooding and substrate breeding, cooperative breeding, as well as various alternative reproductive tactics such as sneaking and piracy.

Dredging mussels from great lakes